2022年广州空气质量改善再获突破******
广州日报讯 (全媒体记者杜娟 通讯员穗环宣)2022年广州市蓝天保卫战取得积极进展，空气质量改善再获突破。记者1月16日从市生态环境局获悉，2022年，广州市5项污染物指标明显优于国家二级标准，均同比下降或低浓度持平。其中，PM2.5平均浓度22微克/立方米，全年每天达标，再创新低，在国家中心城市中保持最优。此外，空气质量优等级天数同比增加50天；“十三五”期间一直超标的二氧化氮实现连续三年稳定达标，平均浓度创历史新低。
落实“控车、降尘、少油气”七字治气方针
2022年，广州坚持系统治理，制定实施全年工作总计划、年中专项行动方案、年末百日攻坚强化方案等，推进落实“控车、降尘、少油气”的治气思路，深化PM2.5和臭氧协同控制。2022年新增纯电动巡游出租车1823辆，占比超90%；累计推进氢燃料电池车辆约300辆；注销国Ⅲ排放标准营运柴油货车1901辆；全市1278个涉油工地94%落实使用合格油品措施；6艘珠江游电动船投入运营，全港岸电覆盖率超90%。检查挥发性有机物生产、销售企业745家次，查处相关环境违法行为；对132家涉挥发性有机物重点企业进行分级管理，推进升级改造；全市362家企业完成一轮次污染物吸附设施的更新，565座加油站、18座储油库完成密闭性检查，完成17家企业50多万个密封点泄漏检测与修复。开展扬尘防治日常检查、“回头看”抽查和专项巡查，检查建设工地10000余个次，立案处罚建筑废弃物违规排放运输1180宗。
加强科研支撑，开展专项执法
充分发挥大气环境预警防控专家团队作用，建立专家帮扶工作机制；建设13个挥发性有机物组分监测站，黄埔、白云、番禺区建成293个小型空气质量监测站，在300辆出租车上安装空气质量移动监测系统，用好广州塔垂直监测数据，每日提供重点管控区域及重点抽查企业建议名单，为科学治气提供技术支撑。
利用铁塔公司视频监控、小型空气质量监测站、在线监控、走航监测、无人机巡查、遥感监测、黑烟车抓拍、电力监控等技术锁定污染源，精准打击，严格查处环境违法行为。7月以来开展挥发性有机物专项执法行动、百日攻坚执法保障行动共检查企业4429家次，发现问题企业812家，立案调查89宗，责改403宗，取缔关闭15家。
约谈石化行业相关企业和重点用车大户，压实重点企业臭氧污染防治社会责任；发布《关于错峰卸油、夜间加油和绿色出行的倡议书》《关于重点企业加强污染减排的倡议书》，督促签订《广州市柴油车重点单位环保用车公开承诺书》，引导全民参与治气。
2023年广州大气治理的工作重点有哪些？
2023年广州大气治理的工作重点又有哪些？市生态环境局有关负责人表示，将继续按照“控车、降尘、少油气”的治气思路，牵头持续深入打好蓝天保卫战，重点做好六方面工作。
强化科技支撑。强化大气环境预警项目的支撑，深化臭氧、PM2.5协同控制研究，注重边研究、边产出、边服务。
收严排放标准。生物质、燃气锅炉执行《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》(DB44/765-2019)特别排放限值通告，氮氧化物标准由150毫克/立方米收严至50毫克/立方米。2023年全市推广使用国6b标准车用汽油，实施重型柴油车国6b排放标准。
深化移动源污染防治。协调巡游出租车、市中心区公交车全面实现纯电动化，组织落实国Ⅲ柴油货车分步限制通行措施；协调推进国Ⅲ营运柴油货车淘汰。
加强挥发性有机物污染治理。加快推进含挥发性有机物原辅材料源头替代；实施石化、化工和表面涂装等重点领域深度治理，提升泄漏检测与修复工作水平，推进502个储油罐挥发性有机物排放控制。
强化面源污染精细化管理。聚焦建筑施工、城市道路、线性工程、运输车辆和裸露地面等领域扬尘污染源，协调督促建设工程严格落实“6个100%”要求，加强余泥运输车辆规范化管理。
精准应对污染天气。加强空气质量会商和专家研判，动态更新污染天气应对减排清单并落实应对减排措施，利用在线监测、走航监测、无人机巡航、电量监控等科技手段，实施针对性管控。
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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